Introduction
Food allergies are increasingly common, but most are manageable with awareness. Knowing the usual culprits and the signs of a reaction helps you act calmly and quickly.
The most common food allergens
A small number of foods cause most allergies in children: milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish. Milk, egg and wheat allergies often improve with age, while nut and shellfish allergies are more likely to persist.
Introducing allergenic foods
Current guidance is not to delay common allergens unnecessarily. From around six months, introduce them one at a time, in small amounts, alongside other foods — so you can spot any reaction. If your child has severe eczema or a known family risk, ask your doctor first.
Recognising a reaction
Mild signs include hives, an itchy rash, swelling around the lips, a runny nose or tummy upset soon after eating. These usually settle, but note what was eaten and tell your doctor.
Signs of a severe reaction
Seek emergency care immediately for difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue or throat, a hoarse voice, persistent coughing or wheeze, paleness or floppiness, or collapse. A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) is a medical emergency.
Living well with allergies
If your child has a diagnosed allergy, learn to read labels, tell carers and school, and follow your doctor's plan. Most children with allergies live full, active lives.
This article is general information, not medical advice. See your doctor for diagnosis and an action plan, and call emergency services for severe reactions.
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